ISTRAŽIVANJE UTJECAJA USPJEHA NA STUDIJU NA ODABIR STRUČNE SPECIJALIZACIJE

The aim of the research presented in this paper was to identify the relation of mechanical engineering students’ individual motives and their choice of specialty to success in their studies. The research includes consideration of motivational factors from a number of aspects. The results suggest a connection between academic success and the motives of professional advancement, success in the profession, achieving perceptible success at work, opportunities for hierarchical advancement in a company and others. In accordance with the expressed motives, the results highlight the importance of individual specialties for students depending on the success achieved in the course of their studies.Cilj je istraživanja prikazanog u ovom radu utvrditi povezanost između pojedinačnih motiva studenata strojarstva i njihovog odabira specijalizacije s obzirom na uspjeh u tijeku studija. Istraživanje uključuje razmatranje motivacijskih čimbenika s različitih gledišta. Rezultati upućuju na povezanost između uspjeha na studiju i motiva profesionalnog napredovanja, uspjeha u struci, postignuća vidljivog uspjeha na poslu, mogućnosti hijerarhijskog napredovanja u tvrtki i drugih. U skladu s izraženim motivima, rezultati upućuju na važnost pojedine specijalizacije za studente ovisno o postignutom uspjehu u tijeku studij

Analiza propisa o radu beogradske policije iz 1831. godine

After the Second Serbian Uprising in Serbia, a mixed Serbian-Turkish Administration was established, based on the agreement of Prince Milos and Marasli-Ali Pasha in 1815. Essentially, this meant that the Turkish authorities had jurisdiction over the Turks, while the newly established national authorities had jurisdiction over the Serbs. The so-called Kadi and Muselim had the power of a judge for the Turks, while the Duke was the chief of police - as a separate authority. The headquarters of the Turkish police commanding officers were in the administrative units called Nahiyah (or Nahia), and there was one Duke in Belgrade and one in Grocka. Even though the Dukes were formally subordinated and exclusively responded to the Vizier in Belgrade for their work, in practice they paid much more attention to the opinion of the Serbian Prince, who they were financially dependent on. The National Princes had the power of a judge for the Serbs, and simultaneously were in charge of policing. They usually arbitrated 'in the field', and carried out the sentences themselves with the assistance of armed young men. In Belgrade, these jobs were mainly performed by the Princes of the National Office (the Court). Due to the constant presence of the Turks in Belgrade and their sensitivity to any independent decisions made by the Serbian authorities, the conditions of their work were much more complex than those in somewhere up country. This is the reason why the Princes of the National Office did not dare to bring verdicts and carry out sentences themselves, so in each spe­cific case they would first ask for the instructions of Prince Milos. Realizing that one Bulibasha with about 15 policemen (which formed the Belgrade police at the time) objectively was not able to serve the National office, guard the Palace in Topcider and maintain order in the Serbian part of Belgrade, Prince Milos decided to introduce changes - a decision which resulted from his incredible pre­sentiment of the events that Serbia was yet to face. In 1826 Prince Milos turned the National office into the Belgrade court (so-called Magistrate) and appointed its employees himself. In mid-1828 Prince Petar Lazarevic was appointed by the Prince Milos to be the first Director of the Belgrade police, which was part of the court at the time. Three years later, a regulation on Belgrade policing was brought by the prince, which tasked the police forces with the following: to maintain the peace, order and cleanliness of the town, to make proposals to the Magistrate and be at hand for its every need, to monitor the local people and the foreigners, to control and verify passports, and to carry out sentences upon the offenders ordered by the Magistrate. This regulation for the first time clearly separated the executive and the judicial power: the Director of the police had no authority to sentence the offenders - instead he delivered them before the court and waited for the verdict; while the right for punishment was limited to 25 blows with a stick (more serious penalty could only be imposed by the Magistrate). The director of police was at the same time a full member of the Magistrate with the voting right during pronouncing sentences. However, he was directly subordinated only to the Prince.Nakon Drugog srpskog ustanka u Srbiji je uspostavljena mešovita, srpsko-turska uprava, zasnovana na usmenom sporazumu kneza Miloša i Marašli-Ali paše iz 1815. godine. U osnovi, to je značilo da nadležnost nad Turcima imaju turski organi vlasti, dok su za Srbe bili nadležni novoformirani domaći organi. Turcima su sudili kadija i muselim, a na čelu policije kao posebne ustanove bio je vojvoda. Sedište turskih policijskih starešina bilo je u nahijskim centrima, a po jedan vojvoda obitavao je u Beogradu i Grockoj. Iako su formalno bile neposredno potčinjene veziru u Beogradu i za svoj rad odgovarale isključivo njemu, vojvode su u praksi mnogo više vodile računa o mišljenju srpskog kneza od koga su finansijski zavisile. Srbima su sudili narodni knezovi, nahijski i knežinski, koji su istovremeno obavljali i policijske dužnosti. Oni su po unutrašnjosti sudili 'na terenu' i svoje presude uz pomoć naoružanih momaka sami i izvršavali. U tom pogledu izdvajao ce Beograd, y kome su maj posao uglavnom obavljali knezovi Narodne kancelarije (suda). Imajući u vidu stalno prisustvo Turaka u Beogradu i njihovu osetljivost na svako samostalno rešenje srpskih organa, uslovi njihovog rada bili su mnogo složeniji od onih u unutrašnjosti. Upravo zato knezovi Narodne kancelarije i nisu smeli sami presuđivati i kažnjavati, već su u svakom konkretnom slučaju najpre tražili uputstva za rad od kneza Miloša. Sa neverovatnom osobinom tačnog predosećanja događaja kojima je Srbija išla u susret, a i uviđajući da jedan buljubaša sa petnaestak pandura koji su činili beogradsku policiju objektivno ne može da opslužuje Narodnu kancelariju, čuva konak u Topčideru i pazi i održava red u srpskom delu beogradske varoši, knez Miloš se rešio na promene. Narodna kancelarija je 1826. pretvorena u Beogradski sud (magistrat), čiji je personal odredio knez Miloš. Polovinom 1828. Miloš je postavio kneza Petra Lazarevića za prvog 'direktora' beogradske policije, koju je istovremeno uključio u sastav suda. Tri godine kasnije beogradska policija je od kneza dobila 'propis' o radu, kojim joj je u zadatak stavljeno: da motri na mir, red i čistoću u varoši, da čini predloge Magistratu i bude mu pri ruci za svaku potrebu, da nadgleda domaće ljude i strance, da pregleda i overava pasoše i da izvršava kazne nad prestupnicima koje Magistrat izrekne. Ovim propisom prvi put su jasnije razdvojene izvršna i sudska vlast: direktor policije nije imao pravo kažnjavanja krivaca, već ih je predavao sudu i očekivao njegovu presudu, a i pravo kažnjavanja podređenih mu je ograničeno na 25 udaraca štapom (kazne veće od ove mogao je izreći Magistrat). Direktor policije je istovremeno bio punopravni član Magistrata sa pravom glasa pri izricanju presuda. Ipak, neposredno je bio podređen samo knezu

Brucella canis at the territory of Serbia in the period from 2004. to 2011.

This study includes examination of dogs from the territory of Serbia during the period from 2004. To 2011. Most of the dogs were from the territory of Belgrade. The total of 193 blood serum samples of proprietary dogs and 120 blood serum samples of stray dogs were tested for the presence of antibodies against Brucella canis. For diagnostics there was used the method of slow serum agglutination in test tubes with 2- mercaptoethanol. During eight years’ period of investigation, out of 193 tested serums taken from proprietary dogs, 29 serum samples, or 15.03%, had undoubtedly positive titre of 1/200. During 2011. Out of 120 tested blood samples taken from stray dogs from Belgrade territory, positive titre of 1/200 had 8 samples, or 6.67%. The results of this investigation point out to a very high seroprevalence of antibodies against B.canis in dogs population from the teritiry of the Republic of Serbia. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR31088

Grip - influenca

In epidemiology or in epizootiology, there are some infectious diseases that have potential for significant reduction of the susceptible species population. Over the past few decades, epidemiologists were concentrated on diseases that were 'modern' and made front-page news in tabloids. One should recall diseases like bovine spongiform encephalopathy, SARS and AIDS syndromes. However, we should always be aware of the most dangerous diseases such as our old friend, influenza, or simply, flu. In the past decade, we heard about 'bird' or 'swine' influenza. It is the same disease for different animal species as well as for man. Influenza owes its characteristics to specific virus biology as well as to the epidemiology-epizootiology characteristics of the susceptible species. Antigenic changes that took place thanks to reassortment mechanisms of the viral gene segments cause the onset of the new antigenic combinations of the hemaglutinin and neuraminidase molecules. As a result, new H and/or N antigenic formulas appear for the first time in totally susceptible animal and human populations. That means that in such circumstances, no person in the world is immune to the virus. In that case, such a virus can cause a pandemic with disastrous consequences since influenza is a disease with significant mortality, especially in some segments of the human (as well as animal) population. Birds and swine are virus reservoirs, but these species are at the same time live test tubes in which the virus resides, changes and adapts itself not only to the original species but to other species as well. That means that there is no 'bird' or 'swine' flu. Influenza is an infection of several important animal species as well as man that have potential not only for the reduction of the population size but, in case of the human population, for influencing social and economic life. .Bilo da se radi o ljudima ili životinjama kao pacijentima, u infektologiji postoje oboljenja koja mogu značajno da smanje populaciju prijemčivih vrsta. Svakako da je pažnja infektologa u proteklih nekoliko decenija usmerena ka onim oboljenjima koja mogu svojom pojavom da 'napune' prve strane tabloida. Treba se setiti spongioformnih encefalopatija, SARS-a ili SIDE. Međutim, istorijski gledano jedno od najopasnijih oboljenja je stari dobri poznanik grip ili influenca. U protekloj deceniji se govorilo o ptičjem i svinjskom gripu. Međutim, radi se o jednom oboljenju svojstvenom većem broju vrsta, koje svoje karakteristike duguje, sa jedne strane, biologiji virusa, a sa druge, epidemiološko-epizootiološkim karakteristikama prijemčivih vrsta. Izmene antigenih struktura koje se dešavaju zahvaljujući mehanizmima reasortiranja segmenata gena uslovljavaju pojavu novih kombinacija tipičnih antigenih molekula virusa (hemaglutinina i neuraminidaze). Kao rezultat, ove izmene mogu da daju one kombinacije H i N molekula koji se po prvi put javljaju u prirodi što znači da nijedna osoba niti jedinka prijemčivih vrsta nije imuna. Samim tim, virusi sa ovakvim kombinacijama antigene strukture, mogu da uslove pandemiju i/ili panzootiju neviđenih razmera, pri čemu treba imati na umu i da u pojedinim populacijama, kako ljudi tako i životinja, mortalitet može da bude veoma visok. Ono što je sigurno jeste da su ptice i svinje rezervoari virusa, ali i žive epruvete u kojima se virus menja, prilagođava vrsti-domaćinu i izlazi iz kruga date vrste-domaćina ka ljudima ili drugoj nekoj vrsti. To znači da kod gripa ne postoji tipično oboljenje za neku od vrsta (ptičji i svinjski) već se radi o infektivnoj bolesti koja je karakteristična za nekoliko vrsta i koja ima potencijal da utiče ne samo na brojnost populacije ljudi i životinja već i na socio-ekonomske prilike u regionima sveta.

Beogradska varoška policija u doba uspostavljanja vlasti ustavobranitelja

Prince Mihailo Obrenovic took over the administration of the country in the significantly altered the constitutional situation, created by the adoption of the Constitution of 1838 and the departure of Serbian Prince Milos 1839. Constitution ensured the supremacy of the State Council as an oligarchic body of the prince in the adoption of new legislation expanded and contrary to the constitution. Gradual narrowing and even abolishing competences of prince in the legislative and executive branches Constitutionalists are aimed to ensure the constitutionally established order. One of the measures taken to this aim was the adoption of regulations by which the Belgrade police under the control of Constitutionalist Party. The Belgrade police which in the time of Miloš rule was subordinated directly to the prince, by the Decree of 1840 came under the jurisdiction of the competent ministry. The contents of the this Decree that remained in Serbia in force throughout the nineteenth century shows how wide was the scope of its work. Specifically, the Board took care of law and order, personal safety or property of citizens, conducted surveillance of suspicious persons, travelers, foreigners and idles, worried about traffic safety and the safety of roads, alleys, and cobblestone bridge, followed the proper operation of the innkeepers, butchers and traders worried about neatness squares and product prices, participated in the settlement of disputes between creditors and debtors, secured and numbered the property of deceased persons and fallen into bankruptcy, suppress immorality, watch the correctness water supply, public fountains and street lighting, directing the development of settlements, undertook measures to protect against fire, suppressing the fights, riots and rebellions, took care of the health of citizens and public hygiene, issued an order on line and order in the town, enforce court decisions, took care of the prisoners, carried a list of public and private property at the request of his superiors authorities , state revenues collected from the population, participated in the division of the borough plots for raising houses in the area of Batal mosque, in Sava-waving, Palilula, Terazije, past ponds Venice, and finally led to a variety of correspondence - submitted reports to the competent organs of the state administration and consisted of a number of proposals from the circle of their activity. On the other hand, the Decree on the duties of the administration of the City of Belgrade in 1840 must be seen as part of a comprehensive legislative activities Constitutionalist aimed at establishing a highly branched and durable state organization. As part of the whole legal regulations governing the then ruling political elites govern executive, Regulation confirms the conclusion that the Constitutionalist have achieved a lot in terms of formal legislate lofty police power over the people, but failed to sufficiently develop the system control apparatus of executive power. In addition to subjective, there are objective factors that limited Constitutionalist efforts in this direction. Ideas of modern civil state objectively could not be quickly accepted in the still traditional-patriarchal Serbian society.U radu se analizira sadržina propisa o radu beogradske policije iz 1840. godine u okviru društvenih i političkih prilika u Kneževini Srbiji na početku ustavobraniteljske vladavine. Knez Mihailo Obrenović preuzeo je upravu zemljom u bitno izmenjenoj ustavnoj situaciji, stvorenoj donošenjem Ustava 1838. i odlaskom iz Srbije kneza Miloša 1839. godine. Ustavom obezbeđena prevlast Državnog saveta kao oligarhijskog tela nad knezom u praksi je određenim uredbama proširena i protivno ustavu. Pokušaj kneza u takvoj situaciji da odbrani svoja ustavna ovlašćenja u zakonodavnoj i izvršnoj vlasti i uspostavi ravnotežu u odnosima sa Savetom nije uspeo. O tome svedoči i donošenje propisa kojim beogradska policija, u Miloševo vreme podređena neposredno knezu, dolazi pod nadležnost resornog ministarstva. S druge strane, Uredba o dužnostima uprave varoši Beograda iz 1840. deo je široke zakonodavne aktivnosti ustavobranitelja usmerene na uspostavljanje razgranatije i trajnije državne organizacije. Primenom istorijskog i sociološkog metoda, kao i metoda analize i sinteze, indukcije i dedukcije, autori objašnjavaju motivaciju za izdavanje ovog propisa čija je sadržina bila presudno determinisana interesima tadašnje političke elite u Srbiji

Evidence of Aujeszky s disease in wild boar in Serbia

Background: Aujeszkys disease is a viral disease of suids caused by Suid Herpesvirus 1. The disease has worldwide distribution with significant economic impact. In Serbia, there is neither an Aujeszkys disease eradication nor national vaccination programme of domestic pigs. Since clinical symptoms of Aujeszkys disease are not specific, it is important to establish a link between clinical signs and presence of ADV active infection in wild boars. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of active infection within wild boar showing signs of ADV and also to examine relationship between isolates from domestic pigs and wild boar. Having in mind that virus has not been previously isolated from wild boars in Serbia, we report the first isolation of Suid Herpesvirus 1 from this species in Serbia. Results: Tissue and serum samples from 40 wild boars from eastern Serbia were examined for evidence of Aujeszkys disease (AD). Suid Herpesvirus 1 (SHV1), the cause of AD was isolated on PK15 cell line from three tissue samples, inducing cytopathic effect (CPE) with syncytia forming, and viral genome was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in eight samples. Genetic analysis of us4, us9 and ul49.5 partial sequences showed high homology between ADV isolates from wild boars and between isolates from wild boars and domestic animals. Neutralizing antibodies were not detected by virus neutralisation test (VNT) in sera from four out of eight PCR positive wild boars suggesting recent infection in those animals. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration of Aujeszkys disease virus (ADV) in the wild boar population in Serbia although seroconversion has been detected previously

Interdependence of contingency organizational factors in national industrial enterprises

U radu je najpre dat pregled raspoloživih istraživanja u oblasti kontingentnih faktora, i izvršena analiza prethodnih istraživanja. Na osnovama Kandvalinog modela izvršena je eksperimentalna provera međuzavisnosti koontingentnih faktora u domaćim industrijskim preduzećima. Na uzorku od 111 preduzeća sprovedena je korelaciona analiza i potvrđene su hipoteze modela. Potvrđeno je da su demografske promenljive su u vezi sa okruženjem i organizacionom strukturom; da je tehnologija korelirana sa svim kontingentnim faktorima osim demografskih promenljivih; da strategija jeste u vezi sa stilom rukovođenja i ponašanjem zaposlenih; da je okruženje korelirano sa demografskim promenljivama, tehnologijom i organizacionom strukturom; da je organizaciona struktura korelirana sa demografskim promenljivama, tehnologijom i okruženjem; da je stil rukovođenja u vezi je sa strategijom, tehnologijom i ponašanjem zaposlenih; kao i da je ponašanje zaposlenih u vezi je sa strategijom, tehnologijom i stilom rukovođenja. Predlog daljih istraživanja je provera naprednijim statističkim tehnikama.The paper first overviews the available research in the field of contingency factors and gives an analysis of previous research. on the basis of the model was made by Khandwalla experimental testing of interdependence of contingency factors in the domestic industrial enterprises is done. For the sample of 111 industrial companies correlation analysis is conducted and the hypothesis of the model are confirmed. It is confirmed that the demographic variables are related to the environment and organizational structure, that the technology is correlated with all the contingent factors than demographic variables, that strategy is related to the management style and behavior of employees, the environment is correlated with demographic variables, technology and organizational structure, the organizational structure is correlated with demographic variables, technology and environment, the style of management is linked to strategy, technology and behavior of employees, as well as the behavior of employees is linked to strategy, technology and style of management. The proposal for further research is usage of more advanced statistical verification techniques.

Interdependence of contingency organizational factors in national industrial enterprises

U radu je najpre dat pregled raspoloživih istraživanja u oblasti kontingentnih faktora, i izvršena analiza prethodnih istraživanja. Na osnovama Kandvalinog modela izvršena je eksperimentalna provera međuzavisnosti koontingentnih faktora u domaćim industrijskim preduzećima. Na uzorku od 111 preduzeća sprovedena je korelaciona analiza i potvrđene su hipoteze modela. Potvrđeno je da su demografske promenljive su u vezi sa okruženjem i organizacionom strukturom; da je tehnologija korelirana sa svim kontingentnim faktorima osim demografskih promenljivih; da strategija jeste u vezi sa stilom rukovođenja i ponašanjem zaposlenih; da je okruženje korelirano sa demografskim promenljivama, tehnologijom i organizacionom strukturom; da je organizaciona struktura korelirana sa demografskim promenljivama, tehnologijom i okruženjem; da je stil rukovođenja u vezi je sa strategijom, tehnologijom i ponašanjem zaposlenih; kao i da je ponašanje zaposlenih u vezi je sa strategijom, tehnologijom i stilom rukovođenja. Predlog daljih istraživanja je provera naprednijim statističkim tehnikama.The paper first overviews the available research in the field of contingency factors and gives an analysis of previous research. on the basis of the model was made by Khandwalla experimental testing of interdependence of contingency factors in the domestic industrial enterprises is done. For the sample of 111 industrial companies correlation analysis is conducted and the hypothesis of the model are confirmed. It is confirmed that the demographic variables are related to the environment and organizational structure, that the technology is correlated with all the contingent factors than demographic variables, that strategy is related to the management style and behavior of employees, the environment is correlated with demographic variables, technology and organizational structure, the organizational structure is correlated with demographic variables, technology and environment, the style of management is linked to strategy, technology and behavior of employees, as well as the behavior of employees is linked to strategy, technology and style of management. The proposal for further research is usage of more advanced statistical verification techniques.

Suitability of individual and bulk milk samples to investigate the humoral immune response to lumpy skin disease vaccination by ELISA

Background The detection of antibodies against capripoxvirus has become easier with a commercially available ELISA validated for serum and plasma. In order to explore its suitability for immunological investigations on alternative samples, this study targeted milk as sample matrix available through non-invasive sampling. Methods Samples for this study were collected from dairy cows vaccinated against LSD in an area without reported LSD virus circulation. Paired serum and milk (individual and bulk) samples were tested by ELISA without and with modifications of the sample incubation time for the milk samples. For the evaluation of the test specificity, 352 milk samples from a milk repository in Germany were used as negative control. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for determination of the Youden index and determination of the most suitable cut-off value for maximum specificity. Results From 154 analyzed serum samples from Serbia, 75 were detected as positive in the ELISA. Sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test for milk samples reached values of 88 to 91% using Youden criteria. A cut-off of 10 was determined aiming for maximum specificity. This cut-off value was used for further analysis. Using the protocol for serum, out of 154 milk samples, 38 were detected as positive, number of positive detected milk samples increase up to 48 with modified protocol. Milk samples from Germany reacted negative, except two samples that had borderline results using modified protocol. Significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) was observed between two incubation protocols. The detection of LSD-specific antibodies from bulk milk samples (pools of 2-10 individuals) came along with a reduced sensitivity over the sample of individual animals. Conclusions Results show that the detection of capripoxvirus specific antibodies in milk samples using the commercially available ELISA from IDvet is feasible and can represent a helpful tool for LSDV monitoring programs

Identification of Annual Work Hour Elements in Production Cycle and Experimental Assessment of Flow Coefficient and Optimal Series

In the metalwork production a large part of gross domestic product is being achieved by automating the production in large factories, the finalists, but even a larger part comes from subcontractors and companies that have small-scale and mass production of maintenance elements and other services. Therefore, the production with higher degree of stochastics and organization mostly occurs during the production, and it happens, but to a lesser extent, that everything is planned and set in advance, and according to those facts this survey is going to analyze one of the most important production indicators - the production cycle. In this paper we are experimentally demonstrating the original stochastic method of determining 10 different production cycle working hours, and production cycle itself is determined out of factory driving records. The research also enables determining the flow coefficient which represents the function between the size of the series and technological or real time of the production cycle. Within the framework of a broader research we are contributing results of four years long record, from 2011 to 2014 for a large company with high level of organization. The production cycle per years (2011-2014) amounts to 326, 233, 248 and 236 minutes, while the flow coefficient is Kp=(277/x+0.24) the one that enables and experimentally determines optimal series which is in total 9 items for the company in question